Hypogeum (rock-cut)The Bronze Age
TT100
Also known asTheban Tomb 100 · Tomb of Rekhmire
DatedEst. 1539–1075 BCE
Photo Francesco Bini · CC BY-SA 4.0Source file on Wikimedia Commons
Overview
About this site
Overview
The Theban Tomb TT100, also known as the Tomb of Rekhmire, is located in Sheikh Abd el-Qurna, part of the Theban Necropolis on the west bank of the Nile opposite Luxor, Egypt. It is the mortuary chapel of the ancient Egyptian vizier Rekhmire and is rock-cut.
The tomb is important both for its numerous painted reliefs and because it records the 'Duties of the Vizier'. There is no burial chamber next to the chapel, and the vizier's actual tomb is elsewhere, perhaps even in the Valley of the Kings.
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Where it sits in time
The site's dated range, placed against world reference points.
The scale is logarithmic: each step to the left is about ten times older than the last.
Article
TT100
The tomb follows the inverted T scheme typical of its period, and its wall paintings are among the best preserved and largest in the Theban Necropolis.
DescriptionSources for this section
- Wikipedia (English): TT100CC BY-SA 4.0
Sources for this section
- Wikipedia (English): TT100CC BY-SA 4.0
The tomb follows the inverted T scheme typical of its period, and its wall paintings are among the best preserved and largest in the Theban Necropolis. A particularity makes it unique in the area: from the transverse room, about 21 m wide, 2.30 m deep and 3.30 m high, a corridor branches off perpendicular to it. This corridor is just over 2 metres wide and almost 27 metres long, and its ceiling rises progressively from 3.30 metres at the entrance to over 8 metres at the far end. Almost every metre of the tomb is covered with paintings, generally on several superimposed registers.
The hall carries scenes of Rekhmire inspecting officials, the text of the duties of a vizier, tax collection, autobiographical text, foreign tribute, his installation as vizier before Thutmose III, temple workshops and provisions, agriculture, a family group, and a desert hunting and fowling scene. The foreign tribute scenes show Keftiu offering decorative vases, Nubians with animals such as leopards, giraffe and cattle, and Syrians offering chariots, horses, a bear and an elephant. The passage is decorated with scenes of the preparation and storage of temple provisions, craft industries, a funeral procession, offerings by his sons, a banquet, and rites before statues of the deceased. A niche at the back shows Rekhmire offering to Osiris; a false door from the niche is now in the Louvre Museum.
HistorySources for this section
- Wikipedia (English): TT100CC BY-SA 4.0
Sources for this section
- Wikipedia (English): TT100CC BY-SA 4.0
Rekhmire, who lists over a hundred official titles in the tomb, began his career at the end of the reign of Thutmose III, and his position was confirmed by that king's successor, Amenhotep II. Sometime during the reign of Amenhotep II, traces of him were erased. Images of Rekhmire, his wife Meryt and their children were removed, in places easily reached by covering their remaining silhouettes with red colour, in others by erasing only the face. It appears certain that Rekhmire fell from favour in the reign of Amenhotep II, and there is no evidence that he was ever buried in the tomb he constructed. A further intervention affecting the paintings took place about 100 years later, in the reign of Akhenaten, when all symbols relating to the god Amun were removed.
Research historySources for this section
- Wikipedia (English): TT100CC BY-SA 4.0
Sources for this section
- Wikipedia (English): TT100CC BY-SA 4.0
The location of TT100 was known to the first visitors to the area. The first surveys of the wall paintings were made by Robert Hay in 1832, followed by copies and surveys by other Egyptologists, among them George Alexander Hoskins, Frédéric Cailliaud, John Gardner Wilkinson and Émile Prisse d'Avennes. In 1906 the Metropolitan Museum of New York commissioned complete surveys by Norman and Nina de Garis Davies and the photographer Harry Burton. The work continued until 1940 and resulted in the two-volume publication The tomb of Rekh-mi-Re at Thebes in 1944.
ConservationSources for this section
- Wikipedia (English): TT100CC BY-SA 4.0
Sources for this section
- Wikipedia (English): TT100CC BY-SA 4.0
Over the centuries the tomb suffered considerable damage. Local people made a new entrance in the façade and used the tomb as a dwelling and stable, which seriously damaged the autobiographical text known as The Duties of the Vizier. Water infiltration, soot from fires, fumes from animals kept inside and bat droppings also affected the paintings, and entire parts of the walls were plastered over, a practice strongly criticised by Norman de Garis Davies during his surveys between 1906 and 1940. The tomb was protected by the addition of an iron door only in 1889.
ContextSources for this section
- Wikipedia (English): TT100CC BY-SA 4.0
Sources for this section
- Wikipedia (English): TT100CC BY-SA 4.0
Rock-cut tombs on the west bank of the Nile opposite Thebes were excavated for pharaohs and powerful nobles of the New Kingdom, over a period of nearly 500 years from the Eighteenth to the Twentieth Dynasty. The Theban Necropolis became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1979.
Tradition and region
About this kind of monument
Rock-cut tombs of Egypt
Egypt has some of the best-known rock-cut tombs in the world. In the Valley of the Kings, on the west bank of the Nile opposite Thebes, tombs were excavated for pharaohs and powerful nobles of the New Kingdom, for a period of nearly 500 years from the Eighteenth to the Twentieth Dynasty. The valley has two main sections, the East Valley where most royal tombs lie and the West Valley, known as the Valley of the Monkeys, and it is known to contain 65 tombs and chambers. It gained great attention after the discovery of the tomb of Tutankhamun in 1922, and became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1979 with the rest of the Theban Necropolis.
Much earlier, Beni Hasan in Middle Egypt is an ancient funerary site cut into the limestone cliffs on the east bank of the Nile about 20 kilometres south of Minya. In the Middle Kingdom it was the principal cemetery of the sixteenth nome of Upper Egypt, the Oryx nome, and its monumental tombs were cut roughly halfway up the cliff, overlooking the valley. Rock-cut tombs are also found at Deir el-Medina, between the Valley of the Kings and the Valley of the Queens.
The mastaba is a different tradition: a flat-roofed rectangular tomb with sloping sides, built of mudbrick or limestone, which marked the burial sites of eminent Egyptians in the Early Dynastic Period and Old Kingdom. The mastaba was built above ground and the rock-cut tomb into the cliff.
Egyptian tombs are among the best dated monuments in the Atlas, because the dynasty or reign of the king or noble who owned them is known.
When visiting, remember that access to many tombs is limited.
Paraphrased from Wikipedia: Valley of the Kings, Wikipedia: Beni Hasan, Wikipedia: Rock-cut tomb, Wikipedia: Mastaba · CC BY-SA 4.0
From the article
Dated moments in the story
- 1832
The first surveys of the wall paintings were carried out by Robert Hay in 1832, followed by other surveys and copies of the paintings by many other Egyptologists (George Alexander Hoskins, Frédéric Cailliaud, John Gardner Wilkinson, Émile Prisse d'Avennes and others), but only in 1889 was the tomb protected by the...
Source - 1906
In 1906, the Metropolitan Museum of New York commissioned complete surveys by Norman and Nina de Garis Davies and the photographer Harry Burton.
Source
Photographs
5 photographs, each with its author and licence
More photographs
Lore
Evidence & Lore
What the sources actually support — and, kept apart, what has been claimed.
What the evidence supports
Dates
Est. 1539–1075 BCEHow this date was established: Type comparisonTypical range for hypogeums in Egypt; this site has not been dated itself. The Valley was used for primary burials from approximately 1539 BC to 1075 BC.Source for this date
Where it stands
Egypt
The pin marks the monument itself — its exact point.
- Coordinates
- 25°43′53″ N, 32°36′27″ EFor a GPS or map app: 25.73136, 32.60739
Access is as our sources describe it; we have not visited the site to check.
Nearby
The closest sites in the Atlas, by straight line.
Sources
Every record behind this page, with the link it came from.
3 sources behind this page
- 01Wikidata Q634196wikidata.org
- 02Source for this dateen.wikipedia.org
- 03Wikipedia: TT100en.wikipedia.org
Image files
- Egitto, falsa porta dalla tomba del vizir rekhmir, da tebe, 1479-1425 ac ca. (louvre).jpgFrancesco BiniCC BY-SA 4.0
- Tomb TT255 of Roy (Kairoinfo4u).jpgkairoinfo4u: HorusCC BY-SA 2.0
- TT100 Grand Procession Part 2.jpgGeorge Alexander Hoskins (1802–1863)Public domain
- TT100 Grand Procession Part 1.jpgGeorge Alexander Hoskins (1802–1863)Public domain
- TT100.jpgHotepibreCC BY-SA 4.0
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Credit
Text, licence and sources
Adapted from the Wikipedia article "TT100" (English), licensed CC BY-SA 4.0; authors are listed in the page history. Reused under CC BY-SA 4.0. Read on Wikipedia · Edit history and authors
- Wikipedia (English): TT100CC BY-SA 4.0
- Wikidata Q634196CC0
