KV18 — Valley of the Kings panorama

Hypogeum (rock-cut)

KV18

Also known asTomb KV18

Egypt

DatedEst. 3600–2500 BCE

Photo Endlisnis · CC BY 2.0Source file on Wikimedia Commons

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Overview

About this site

Overview

Tomb KV18 is a rock-cut tomb in the Valley of the Kings, Egypt, intended for the burial of the pharaoh Ramesses X of the Twentieth Dynasty. It was abandoned while still incomplete and was never used for his burial.

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Where it sits in time

The site's dated range, placed against world reference points.

The scale is logarithmic: each step to the left is about ten times older than the last.

Est. 3600–2500 BCEHow this date was established: Type comparisonTypical for this type

What this badge meansThe published range for this kind of monument in this region. It is not a date for this site.
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Article

KV18

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The tomb consists of a large entryway with a decorated lintel and two steps, which lead to two sections of gently sloping corridor separated by steps and gates.

KV18

Description

Sources for this section

The tomb consists of a large entryway with a decorated lintel and two steps, which lead to two sections of gently sloping corridor separated by steps and gates. It ends in a stepped back wall, which illustrates the quarrying method used by the workmen.

Despite its unfinished state, KV18 was partially decorated. The lintel above the entrance has a carved and painted scene of a central solar disc containing a scarab and a ram-headed god, adored on both sides by kneeling figures of Ramesses X, who is accompanied by the goddesses Isis on the left and Nephthys on the right. The door jambs preserve parts of the king's names. The first corridor has traces of decoration, but the only identifiable figure is that of Ra-Horakhty on the left wall.

Excavations

Sources for this section

The tomb was open in antiquity and filled with flood debris; the University of Basel's MISR: Mission Siptah-Ramesses X project counted a total of 30 layers of sediment in the second corridor. The entrance was visible in the early 19th century, when the lintel decoration was copied by early Egyptologists such as Jean-François Champollion in 1826 and later Karl Richard Lepsius.

The first known excavation took place in the winter of 1901-2, when Howard Carter dug around the entrance and found a partial foundation deposit consisting of model tools made of faience. Between 1998 and 2000 the University of Basel's mission carried out a full clearance of the tomb. It removed the wall built by Carter at the far end of the tomb and excavated the flood-washed fill to reveal the unfinished state of the tomb. The team also recorded, catalogued and partially reassembled generator components, and cleaned the walls and lintel of the grime produced by the generators.