KV11 — KV11, Tomb of Ramses III. The pillared hall and descent to lower level.

Hypogeum (rock-cut)

KV11

Also known astomb of Ramses III

Egypt

DatedEst. 1539–1075 BCE

Photo R Prazeres · CC BY-SA 4.0Source file on Wikimedia Commons

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Overview

About this site

Overview

Tomb KV11 is the tomb of Pharaoh Ramesses III, in the main valley of the Valley of the Kings, Egypt. It was originally started by Setnakhte but abandoned when it unintentionally broke into the earlier tomb of Amenmesse (KV10); Setnakhte was buried in KV14. KV11 was later restarted and extended on a different axis for Ramesses III.

The tomb has been open since antiquity and has been known as 'Bruce's Tomb', after James Bruce who entered it in 1768, and the 'Harper's Tomb', because of paintings of two blind harpers.

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Where it sits in time

The site's dated range, placed against world reference points.

The scale is logarithmic: each step to the left is about ten times older than the last.

Est. 1539–1075 BCEHow this date was established: Type comparisonTypical for this type

What this badge meansThe published range for this kind of monument in this region. It is not a date for this site.
Source for this date

Article

KV11

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The second corridor is decorated with the Litany of Re, and at its end the axis of the tomb shifts.

KV11

Description

Sources for this section

The tomb is 188 m (617 ft) long and richly decorated. The second corridor is decorated with the Litany of Re, and at its end the axis of the tomb shifts. The third corridor, decorated with the Book of Gates and the Book of Amduat, leads over a ritual shaft into a four-pillared hall, again decorated with the Book of Gates. A fourth corridor with scenes of the opening of the mouth ceremony leads into a vestibule with scenes of the Book of the Dead, and then into the burial chamber.

The burial chamber is an eight-pillared hall in which stood the red quartzite sarcophagus; its box is now in the Louvre and its lid in the Fitzwilliam Museum in Cambridge. The chamber is decorated with the Book of Gates, divine scenes and the Book of the Earth, and further annexes beyond it carry the Book of Gates. The outside of the sarcophagus features two scenes from the Amduat.

Research history

Sources for this section

The tomb was first mentioned by the English traveller Richard Pococke in the 1730s, and James Bruce gave its first detailed description in 1768. Preliminary scientific studies were made by French scholars who had come to Egypt with Napoleon, and then by J. F. Champollion, R. Lepsius and, in the 19th century, G. Lefebure. In 1959 the Egyptian Department of Antiquities asked the Polish Egyptologist Dr. Tadeusz Andrzejewski to document the tomb; he began work under the Polish Centre of Mediterranean Archaeology, University of Warsaw, but soon died. Twenty years later the task passed to Dr. Marek Marciniak, and the introduction of martial law in Poland hindered publication of the results. Since 2017 a German expedition from the Humboldt University and the Egyptian universities in Luxor and Qena has worked on the site, documenting the tomb and carrying out conservation works.