Dolmen de San Adrián
DatedEst. 4000–3000 BCE
Photo David Perez · CC BY 3.0Source file on Wikimedia Commons
Overview
About this site
Overview
The Dolmen de San Adrián is a prehistoric megalith north of the village of Granucillo, in the province of Zamora (Castilla y León), Spain. It is dated to between 3500 and 3000 years ago, and the catalogue gives a typological estimate of 4000 to 3000 BCE.
It was excavated in the 1930s and again in 1984, and was then reconstructed. It is a bien de interés cultural, declared in 1994.
Read on Wikipedia2 min readCC BY-SA 4.0
Where it sits in time
The site's dated range, placed against world reference points.
The scale is logarithmic: each step to the left is about ten times older than the last.
Article
Dolmen de San Adrián
The monument lies at the place called La Horca, in the valley of the Almucera stream, on a small rise very close to the hermitage of the same name.
DescriptionSources for this section
- Wikipedia (Spanish): Dolmen de San AdriánCC BY-SA 4.0
Sources for this section
- Wikipedia (Spanish): Dolmen de San AdriánCC BY-SA 4.0
The monument lies at the place called La Horca, in the valley of the Almucera stream, on a small rise very close to the hermitage of the same name. It is signposted and protected, and is managed by the Fundación del Patrimonio Histórico de Castilla y León.
Because of its size it is considered a dolmen and is officially called one, but its structure, which has no entrance passage, makes it more a megalithic cist, and it has traditionally been interpreted as such.
ExcavationsSources for this section
- Wikipedia (Spanish): Dolmen de San AdriánCC BY-SA 4.0
Sources for this section
- Wikipedia (Spanish): Dolmen de San AdriánCC BY-SA 4.0
Known from time immemorial, the monument was first excavated in the 1930s by Father Morán, who found eight orthostats, four of them fragmented. A second excavation in 1984 found three more foundation pits for as many slabs, which completed the perimeter of the chamber.
After study of the pieces and the grave goods, the dolmen was reconstructed. The orthostats were rearranged according to their original foundations into a closed oval, gaps were filled with smaller materials, and the earth tumulus that covered it was rebuilt. In the south-eastern flank a smaller orthostat was placed to give access to the dolmen through the lowered tumulus.
FindsSources for this section
- Wikipedia (Spanish): Dolmen de San AdriánCC BY-SA 4.0
Sources for this section
- Wikipedia (Spanish): Dolmen de San AdriánCC BY-SA 4.0
The grave goods comprised a green necklace bead of variscite, several disc-shaped slate beads, an arrowhead, an important set of geometric microliths, a quartz prism and several fragments of Bronze Age pottery.
ConservationSources for this section
- Wikipedia (Spanish): Dolmen de San AdriánCC BY-SA 4.0
Sources for this section
- Wikipedia (Spanish): Dolmen de San AdriánCC BY-SA 4.0
Together with the dolmen of Las Peñezuelas, San Adrián was declared a bien de interés cultural with the category of archaeological zone on 24 November 1994 by the Dirección General de Patrimonio y Promoción Cultural of the Junta de Castilla y León.
VisitingSources for this section
- Wikipedia (Spanish): Dolmen de San AdriánCC BY-SA 4.0
Sources for this section
- Wikipedia (Spanish): Dolmen de San AdriánCC BY-SA 4.0
The site is reached from Granucillo, where an agricultural track leaves from the left bank of the bridge over the Almucera stream towards the hermitage of San Adrián. There is a small car park, and a path leads from it to the dolmen.
Tradition and region
About this kind of monument
Dolmens of Andalusia, Extremadura and Galicia
Spain has a great many megalithic tombs, and the Atlas's Spanish dolmens run from Andalusia in the south to Galicia in the north-west. The finest are at Antequera in Andalusia, where the Dolmen of Menga, dated to about 3750 to 3650 BCE, is among the largest ancient megalithic structures in Europe. It is 27.5 metres long, 6 metres wide and 3.5 metres high, built with thirty-two megaliths, the largest weighing about 180 tonnes. After the chamber was finished it was covered with soil and built up into the hill seen today; when it was opened in the nineteenth century archaeologists found the skeletons of several hundred people. The Dolmen of Viera stands 70 metres away, and the tholos of El Romeral lies about 4 kilometres off; the three were inscribed as the Antequera Dolmens Site, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, in 2016.
In the south-west, the Dolmen de Soto at Trigueros in Huelva province is a Neolithic tomb estimated to date between 3000 and 2500 BCE, one of about 200 Neolithic burial sites in the province. It was found in 1922 when its owner, Armando de Soto Morillas, wanted to build a house; the German archaeologist Hugo Obermaier found eight bodies in a fetal position with artefacts, and its engraved and painted uprights have been studied more recently.
In Galicia and Portugal a dolmen is an anta, and in Catalan-speaking areas dolmens have folk names such as cova (cave), caixa (crate or coffin), taula (table) and arca (chest). These names are tradition: they record what people made of the monuments, not what they were built for.
When visiting Menga, look at the great capstones from inside the corridor, and at the way the mound was built up over the chamber.
Paraphrased from Wikipedia: Dolmen of Menga, Wikipedia: Dolmen of Viera, Wikipedia: Antequera Dolmens Site, Wikipedia: Dolmen de Soto, Wikipedia: Dolmen · CC BY-SA 4.0
From the article
Dated moments in the story
- 1930
Conocido desde tiempo inmemorial, fue primeramente excavado en la década de 1930 por el padre Morán, quien encontró ocho ortostatos, cuatro de ellos fragmentados.
Source - 1984
En 1984 se volvió a excavar y se hallaron tres fosas más de cimentación de otras tantas losas, que completan el perímetro de la cámara.
Source
See it in 3D
An interpretive reconstruction of the monument, standing on the real ground at its exact point, under the sun for that place and season. Drag to look around it.

The reconstruction is ours, not a survey: it shows what a monument of this type looks like, at the size the record gives for this one.
Photographs
5 photographs, each with its author and licence
More photographs
Lore
Evidence & Lore
What the sources actually support — and, kept apart, what has been claimed.
What the evidence supports
Dates
Est. 4000–3000 BCEHow this date was established: Type comparisonTypical range for dolmens in Spain; this site has not been dated itself. Most dolmens date from the Late Neolithic period (4000-3000 BCE); the Dolmen of Menga in Andalusia dates to about 3750-3650 BCE.Source for this date
Where it stands
Spain
The pin marks the monument itself — its exact point.
- Coordinates
- 42°03′15″ N, 5°55′11″ WFor a GPS or map app: 42.05407, -5.91964
Access is as our sources describe it; we have not visited the site to check.
Nearby
The closest sites in the Atlas, by straight line.
Sources
Every record behind this page, with the link it came from.
2 sources behind this page
- 01Wikidata Q5812497wikidata.org
- 02Source for this dateen.wikipedia.org
Image files
- Dolmen de San Adrian 02 by-dpc.JPGDavid PerezCC BY 3.0
- Dolmen San Adrián.jpgRodelarCC BY-SA 4.0
- Dolmen de San Adrian 01 by-dpc.JPGDavid PerezCC BY 3.0
- Dolmen de San Adrián (37517689382).jpgÁngel M. Felicísimo from Mérida, EspañaCC BY 2.0
- Dolmengranucillo1.JPGWaxhCC BY-SA 3.0
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Around this place
The ten nearest sites, by compass
Credit
Text, licence and sources
Adapted from the Wikipedia article "Dolmen de San Adrián" (Spanish), licensed CC BY-SA 4.0; authors are listed in the page history. Reused under CC BY-SA 4.0. Read on Wikipedia · Edit history and authors
- Wikipedia (Spanish): Dolmen de San AdriánCC BY-SA 4.0
- Wikidata Q5812497CC0