Overview
About this site
Overview
Tomb KV56, also known as the Gold Tomb, is a rock-cut tomb in the Valley of the Kings, near Luxor, Egypt. It was discovered by Edward R. Ayrton in January 1908 and contained what is thought to be the intact burial of a royal child from the late Nineteenth Dynasty.
The burial and casket have disintegrated, leaving a thin layer of gold leaf and stucco in the original location. The tomb is best known for its gold and silver jewellery, including earrings, rings, silver bracelets with the names of Seti II and Twosret inscribed, and a pair of small silver gloves. The original occupant is unknown but was possibly an Eighteenth Dynasty queen.
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Where it sits in time
The site's dated range, placed against world reference points.
The scale is logarithmic: each step to the left is about ten times older than the last.
Article
KV56
The shaft opens to the north into a single unfinished room, the north wall of which has a stepped shape.
DescriptionSources for this section
- Wikipedia (English): KV56CC BY-SA 4.0
Sources for this section
- Wikipedia (English): KV56CC BY-SA 4.0
The tomb consists of a vertical shaft measuring 8 by 5.6 feet (2.4 m × 1.7 m) cut 15 feet (4.6 m) into the bedrock. The shaft opens to the north into a single unfinished room, the north wall of which has a stepped shape. The room is 25.2 feet (7.7 m) wide; it is longest on the west side, at 19.05 feet (5.81 m), and shortest along the eastern wall, at 10.4 feet (3.2 m).
The location and layout of the tomb indicate that it was originally constructed in the late Eighteenth Dynasty. The shaft is of a similar depth to that of WV24 but of larger dimensions, and the single chamber would have been the largest of any comparable pit tomb in the Valley had it been completed.
ExcavationsSources for this section
- Wikipedia (English): KV56CC BY-SA 4.0
Sources for this section
- Wikipedia (English): KV56CC BY-SA 4.0
The tomb was discovered on 5 January 1908 by Edward Ayrton, who was excavating on behalf of Theodore Davis in the side valley leading towards the tomb of Amenhotep II. At a depth of 13 feet (4.0 m) below the then ground level, the mouth of a vertical shaft was encountered. The shaft was cut through debris for 5 feet (1.5 m), stabilised on three sides by walls of stacked limestone chips, and then descended a further 15 feet (4.6 m) into the bedrock. Both the shaft and the chamber were filled with flood debris, in which Ayrton noted two layers: a top section of flood debris and a lower level of fine mud.
FindsSources for this section
- Wikipedia (English): KV56CC BY-SA 4.0
Sources for this section
- Wikipedia (English): KV56CC BY-SA 4.0
The first finds were pottery and alabaster jars, whole and fragmentary, some bearing the cartouches of Seti II and Ramesses II. Near the west wall, 6.5 inches (17 cm) from the floor, Ayrton found a layer of gold leaf and stucco 0.5 inches (1.3 cm) thick covering an area of 4 square feet (0.37 m2). At its southern edge lay a collection of beads, stone items, and gold and silver objects, flanked by blue faience curls and plaques from an inlaid wig. A single uninscribed ushabti of alabaster was also recovered.
The jewellery is among the most spectacular ever uncovered in the Valley of the Kings and gave the tomb its unofficial name. It included a gold circlet decorated with gold flowers whose petals bear the cartouches of Seti II and Twosret; large gold earrings inscribed with the names of Seti II; several pairs of ear studs and earrings of gold and electrum; a gold filigree necklace; a pair of wedjat eyes and a heart amulet in electrum; gold amulets in the shape of flies, papyrus flowers, Taweret, heads of Hathor, and Heh; a pair of silver or electrum bracelets depicting Twosret as queen standing before a seated Seti II; three further pairs of bracelets, one of which is for a child; nine gold rings, two of which are sized for a child; hands for a child made of silver foil; and a single silver sandal.
Research historySources for this section
- Wikipedia (English): KV56CC BY-SA 4.0
Sources for this section
- Wikipedia (English): KV56CC BY-SA 4.0
The tomb was reinvestigated in 1998 and systematically re-excavated between 1999 and 2002 by the Amarna Royal Tombs Project (ARTP), led by Nicholas Reeves. In the intervening years the tomb had partially refilled with debris, including photographic plates and plastic water bottles. In the centre of the chamber stood a pile of limestone blocks, likely remnants of the original seal, as they were left by Ayrton. The re-excavation recovered many additional faience wig curls, large quantities of thin gold foil, further necklace components and beads, and a gold foil plaque bearing the cartouche of Seti II.
Excavations immediately around the tomb yielded Amarna Period material, including pottery, a wooden wig fragment from a coffin, a fragment of an alabaster canopic jar, and an ostracon of a priest drawn in Amarna style.
InterpretationSources for this section
- Wikipedia (English): KV56CC BY-SA 4.0
Sources for this section
- Wikipedia (English): KV56CC BY-SA 4.0
Maspero and Ayrton suggested that the contents were deposited during the usurpation of Twosret's tomb by Setnakhte, or represent a robber's cache. Cyril Aldred proposed instead that the area of gold foil and plaster was the remains of a much rotted and flattened coffin, and that the tomb originally contained the burial of a young princess, likely not more than four years old. In his view the silver hands once held the decayed hands of a mummy. Robbers entered the tomb in antiquity and looted most of the burial; their entrance was left open for some time, allowing mud and debris to wash in before flooding sealed the tomb again.
Reeves has suggested that the intended form of the tomb was square with a single supporting pillar, a layout characteristic of an Eighteenth Dynasty queen's tomb, and that it was dug to receive the Theban reburial of an Amarna Period queen, possibly Nefertiti but more likely Kiya, since the shaft is wide enough to admit the single burial shrine used in that period. The tomb lies close to KV55 and KV62, both known to date to the late Eighteenth Dynasty.
ContextSources for this section
- Wikipedia (English): KV56CC BY-SA 4.0
Sources for this section
- Wikipedia (English): KV56CC BY-SA 4.0
Egypt has some of the best-known rock-cut tombs in the world. In the Valley of the Kings, on the west bank of the Nile opposite Thebes, tombs were excavated for pharaohs and powerful nobles of the New Kingdom for a period of nearly 500 years, from the Eighteenth to the Twentieth Dynasty. The valley has two main sections, the East Valley, where most royal tombs lie, and the West Valley, known as the Valley of the Monkeys, and it is known to contain 65 tombs and chambers. It became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1979 with the rest of the Theban Necropolis.
Tradition and region
About this kind of monument
Rock-cut tombs of Egypt
Egypt has some of the best-known rock-cut tombs in the world. In the Valley of the Kings, on the west bank of the Nile opposite Thebes, tombs were excavated for pharaohs and powerful nobles of the New Kingdom, for a period of nearly 500 years from the Eighteenth to the Twentieth Dynasty. The valley has two main sections, the East Valley where most royal tombs lie and the West Valley, known as the Valley of the Monkeys, and it is known to contain 65 tombs and chambers. It gained great attention after the discovery of the tomb of Tutankhamun in 1922, and became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1979 with the rest of the Theban Necropolis.
Much earlier, Beni Hasan in Middle Egypt is an ancient funerary site cut into the limestone cliffs on the east bank of the Nile about 20 kilometres south of Minya. In the Middle Kingdom it was the principal cemetery of the sixteenth nome of Upper Egypt, the Oryx nome, and its monumental tombs were cut roughly halfway up the cliff, overlooking the valley. Rock-cut tombs are also found at Deir el-Medina, between the Valley of the Kings and the Valley of the Queens.
The mastaba is a different tradition: a flat-roofed rectangular tomb with sloping sides, built of mudbrick or limestone, which marked the burial sites of eminent Egyptians in the Early Dynastic Period and Old Kingdom. The mastaba was built above ground and the rock-cut tomb into the cliff.
Egyptian tombs are among the best dated monuments in the Atlas, because the dynasty or reign of the king or noble who owned them is known.
When visiting, remember that access to many tombs is limited.
Paraphrased from Wikipedia: Valley of the Kings, Wikipedia: Beni Hasan, Wikipedia: Rock-cut tomb, Wikipedia: Mastaba · CC BY-SA 4.0
From the article
Dated moments in the story
- 1908
Ayrton in January 1908 and contained what is thought to be the intact burial of a royal child from the late Nineteenth Dynasty.
Source - 1908
The tomb was discovered on 5 January 1908 by Edward Ayrton who was excavating on behalf of Theodore Davis.
Source - 1998
He suggests that the tomb was not a cache of objects but originally contained the burial of a young princess, likely not more than four years old. The tomb was reinvestigated in 1998 and systematically re-excavated between 1999 and 2002 by the Amarna Royal Tombs Project (ARTP), led by Nicholas Reeves.
Source
Photographs
6 photographs, each with its author and licence
More photographs
Lore
Evidence & Lore
What the sources actually support — and, kept apart, what has been claimed.
What the evidence supports
Dates
Est. 3600–2500 BCEHow this date was established: Type comparisonTypological estimate, not a date for this site: a hypogeum in North Africa is normally dated between 3600 BCE and 2500 BCE (Atlas typological table).Source for this date
Measured facts
- Mainstream position
- The source presents the tomb as a burial for a royal child or princess of the late Eighteenth Dynasty, while the identity and original use of the chamber remain disputed.Source: Mainstream position
- Discovery
- Edward R. Ayrton, January 1908Source: Discovery
- Burial remains
- Thin layer of gold leaf and stucco where the burial had decayedSource: Burial remains
- Jewellery
- Gold and silver pieces, including bracelets naming Seti II and TwosretSource: Jewellery
- Reinvestigation
- Systematically re-excavated from 1999 to 2002 by the Amarna Royal Tombs ProjectSource: Reinvestigation
- Project leader
- Nicholas ReevesSource: Project leader
- Proposed chamber plan
- Square with a single supporting pillarSource: Proposed chamber plan
- Culture
- Ancient EgyptSource: Culture
- Length
- 7.34 metreSource: Length
Alternative claims
Alternative claims about this site, kept in their own block and labelled with where they stand.
The contents were deposited during the usurpation of Twosret's tomb by Setnakhte, or represent a robber's cache.
The gold foil and plaster were the remains of a much rotted and flattened coffin, and the silver hands held the decayed hands of a mummy.
The tomb was robbed when already partly filled with mud, so only objects visible above the infill were taken.
The tomb was dug to receive the Theban reburial of an Amarna Period queen, possibly Nefertiti but more likely Kiya.
Where it stands
Egypt
The pin marks the monument itself — its exact point.
- Coordinates
- 25°44′27″ N, 32°36′08″ EFor a GPS or map app: 25.74083, 32.60222
Access is as our sources describe it; we have not visited the site to check.
Nearby
The closest sites in the Atlas, by straight line.
Sources
Every record behind this page, with the link it came from.
2 sources behind this page
- 01Wikidata Q1719164wikidata.org
- 02Wikipedia (en)en.wikipedia.org
Image files
- Tal der Könige.jpgRolfcosarCC BY-SA 4.0
- Valley of the Kings panorama (450021688).jpgEndlisnisCC BY 2.0
- Valle de los reyes-2007 (2).JPGAlberto-g-roviCC BY-SA 3.0
- Valley of the Kings 2.jpgZezinho68CC BY-SA 4.0
- Thebes, Luxor, Egypt, Valley of the Kings from above.jpgVyacheslav ArgenbergCC BY 4.0
- KV56 Seti II gold earrings.jpgHans OllermannCC BY 2.0
Report a correctionWrong date, name, photograph or source? Tell us and it will be put right.
Lore, kept apart
Legends and claims
These are stories and claims reported by the sources. They are not evidence, and they never stand in for the dating above.
- Tested: not supported
The contents were deposited during the usurpation of Twosret's tomb by Setnakhte, or represent a robber's cache.
Source - Tested: not supported
The gold foil and plaster were the remains of a much rotted and flattened coffin, and the silver hands held the decayed hands of a mummy.
Source - Tested: not supported
The tomb was robbed when already partly filled with mud, so only objects visible above the infill were taken.
Source - Tested: not supported
The tomb was dug to receive the Theban reburial of an Amarna Period queen, possibly Nefertiti but more likely Kiya.
Source
Around this place
The ten nearest sites, by compass
Credit
Text, licence and sources
Adapted from the Wikipedia article "KV56" (English), licensed CC BY-SA 4.0; authors are listed in the page history. Reused under CC BY-SA 4.0. Read on Wikipedia · Edit history and authors
- Wikipedia (English): KV56CC BY-SA 4.0
- Wikidata Q1719164CC0

