Megalithic mound (tumulus with integral stones)
Twee grafheuvels, alsmede zones
DatedEst. 3000–1000 BCE
No licensed photograph yetWe have no photograph we may publish for this site, so the interpretive 3D view leads instead.
Overview
About this site
Overview
Twee grafheuvels, alsmede zones is a megalithic mound in Renkum, Kingdom of the Netherlands. It lies at 52.0040° N, 5.7381° E.
Catalogue recordSources and licences
Where it sits in time
The site's dated range, placed against world reference points.
The scale is logarithmic: each step to the left is about ten times older than the last.
Article
Twee grafheuvels, alsmede zones
ContextSources for this section
- en.wikipedia.orgCC BY-SA 4.0
- en.wikipedia.orgCC BY-SA 4.0
- en.wikipedia.orgCC BY-SA 4.0
- en.wikipedia.orgCC BY-SA 4.0
- en.wikipedia.orgCC BY-SA 4.0
Sources for this section
- en.wikipedia.orgCC BY-SA 4.0
- en.wikipedia.orgCC BY-SA 4.0
- en.wikipedia.orgCC BY-SA 4.0
- en.wikipedia.orgCC BY-SA 4.0
- en.wikipedia.orgCC BY-SA 4.0
Round barrows are found across the Low Countries and France. Many were raised in the Late Neolithic and the Bronze Age. The Bell Beaker phenomenon of the late third millennium BCE brought a new burial rite to western Europe: individual burials, often under a tumulus and with weapons, in contrast to the collective, weaponless burials of the earlier Neolithic. The Dutch hunebedden, the megalithic tombs of the north, belong to the earlier tradition and are described in their own article. The regional background, “Low Countries and French barrows”, is given below.
DatingSources for this section
- en.wikipedia.orgCC BY-SA 4.0
Sources for this section
- en.wikipedia.orgCC BY-SA 4.0
No scientific date has been published for this site. Monuments of this type in Kingdom of the Netherlands are generally dated 3000 BCE to 1000 BCE; the site itself may fall inside or outside that range.
The oldest Dutch tumuli (grafheuvels) near Apeldoorn were built about 5,000 years ago and concentrations of Bronze Age tumuli lie on the Veluwe.
Setting
44 other recorded monuments lie within 10 km (7 within 1 km, 31 within 5 km), 44 of them of the same type. In Renkum, Kingdom of the Netherlands, 20 of the 20 recorded monuments are of this type.
The nearest recorded monuments are Terrein waarin twee grafheuvels (0.2 km south-west, megalithic mound); Grafheuvel 45414, Bennekom (0.4 km north-west, megalithic mound); Twee grafheuvels (0.5 km south-west, megalithic mound); Terrain with tumulus #45956 (0.6 km south, megalithic mound).
ProtectionSources for this section
Sources for this section
Heritage status: Rijksmonument.
Tradition and region
About this kind of monument
Low Countries and French barrows
Round barrows are found across the Low Countries and France. Many were raised in the Late Neolithic and the Bronze Age. The Bell Beaker phenomenon of the late third millennium BCE brought a new burial rite to western Europe: individual burials, often under a tumulus and with weapons, in contrast to the collective, weaponless burials of the earlier Neolithic. The Dutch hunebedden, the megalithic tombs of the north, belong to the earlier tradition and are described in their own article.
Round barrows are hemispherical mounds raised over a central burial, which may be an inhumation or a cremation placed in a vessel. Barrows were often reused: later graves were cut into the mound, sometimes long after the first burial, and many attract satellite burials. In France and Belgium, tumuli of the Hallstatt period belong to the early Iron Age, from about 800 BCE; from phase B of the Hallstatt sequence, tumulus burial becomes common and cremation predominates.
Dating relies on pottery and metalwork, and on radiocarbon dating where a mound has been dug. Many have been ploughed down, so the Atlas map reflects where mounds survived and were recorded as much as where they were built.
When visiting, look for the surrounding ditch or kerb, and for a later disturbance at the centre where a later grave or an old digging has cut the mound.
Paraphrased from Wikipedia: Tumulus, Wikipedia: Round barrow, Wikipedia: Bell Beaker culture, Wikipedia: Hallstatt culture, Wikipedia: Hunebed · CC BY-SA 4.0
See it in 3D
An interpretive reconstruction of the monument, standing on the real ground at its exact point, under the sun for that place and season. Drag to look around it.
The reconstruction is ours, not a survey: it shows what a monument of this type looks like, at the size the record gives for this one.
Lore
Evidence & Lore
What the sources actually support — and, kept apart, what has been claimed.
What the evidence supports
Dates
Est. 3000–1000 BCEHow this date was established: Type comparisonTypical range for megalithic mounds in Kingdom of the Netherlands; this site has not been dated itself. The oldest Dutch tumuli (grafheuvels) near Apeldoorn were built about 5,000 years ago and concentrations of Bronze Age tumuli lie on the Veluwe.Source for this date
Where it stands
Kingdom of the Netherlands
The pin marks the monument itself — its exact point.
- Coordinates
- 52°00′14″ N, 5°44′17″ EFor a GPS or map app: 52.00402, 5.73812
Access is as our sources describe it; we have not visited the site to check.
Nearby
The closest sites in the Atlas, by straight line.
- Megalithic mound (tumulus with integral stones)Terrein waarin twee grafheuvels3000–1000 BCE
Grafheuvel 45414, Bennekom3000–1000 BCE- Megalithic mound (tumulus with integral stones)Twee grafheuvels3000–1000 BCE
Terrain with tumulus #459563000–1000 BCE
Grafheuvel 45412, Bennekom3000–1000 BCE- Megalithic mound (tumulus with integral stones)Terrein waarin grafheuvel #459553000–1000 BCE
Grafheuvel, alsmede een zone3000–1000 BCE- Megalithic mound (tumulus with integral stones)Terrein waarin vier grafheuvels3000–1000 BCE
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Sources
Every record behind this page, with the link it came from.
2 sources behind this page
- 01Wikidata Q17441244wikidata.org
- 02Source for this dateen.wikipedia.org
Report a correctionWrong date, name, photograph or source? Tell us and it will be put right.
Around this place
The ten nearest sites, by compass
- Terrein waarin twee grafheuvels0.2 km SW
- Grafheuvel 45414, Bennekom0.4 km NW
- Twee grafheuvels0.5 km SW
- Terrain with tumulus #459560.6 km S
- Grafheuvel 45412, Bennekom0.8 km NW
- Terrein waarin grafheuvel #459550.9 km S
- Grafheuvel, alsmede een zone0.9 km S
- Terrein waarin vier grafheuvels1.1 km S
- Grafheuvel, alsmede een zone1.3 km NE
- Terrein waarin grafheuvel #459531.6 km S
Credit
Text, licence and sources
Compiled from open records (Wikidata, CC0; OpenStreetMap, ODbL) and a regional background article based on Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0).
- Wikidata Q17441244CC0
- en.wikipedia.orgCC BY-SA 4.0
- en.wikipedia.orgCC BY-SA 4.0
- en.wikipedia.orgCC BY-SA 4.0
- en.wikipedia.orgCC BY-SA 4.0
- en.wikipedia.orgCC BY-SA 4.0