Megalithic mound (tumulus with integral stones)
Four tumuli
DatedEst. 3000–1000 BCE
Photo Hay Kranen · CC BY 4.0Source file on Wikimedia Commons
Overview
About this site
What the sources say
Four tumuli is a megalithic mound recorded in Ede, Kingdom of the Netherlands. In open records it appears as Wikidata item Q17610510, mapped at 51.9962° N, 5.6887° E.
Built from structured records, not from an articleSources and licences
Where it sits in time
The site's dated range, placed against world reference points.
The scale is logarithmic: each step to the left is about ten times older than the last.
The full article
About Four tumuli
This kind of monument hereSources for this section
- en.wikipedia.orgCC BY-SA 4.0
- en.wikipedia.orgCC BY-SA 4.0
- en.wikipedia.orgCC BY-SA 4.0
- en.wikipedia.orgCC BY-SA 4.0
- en.wikipedia.orgCC BY-SA 4.0
Sources for this section
- en.wikipedia.orgCC BY-SA 4.0
- en.wikipedia.orgCC BY-SA 4.0
- en.wikipedia.orgCC BY-SA 4.0
- en.wikipedia.orgCC BY-SA 4.0
- en.wikipedia.orgCC BY-SA 4.0
Round barrows are found across the Low Countries and France. Many were raised in the Late Neolithic and the Bronze Age. The Bell Beaker phenomenon of the late third millennium BCE brought a new burial rite to western Europe: individual burials, often under a tumulus and with weapons, in contrast to the collective, weaponless burials of the earlier Neolithic. The Dutch hunebedden, the megalithic tombs of the north, belong to the earlier tradition and are described in their own article. The full article, “Low Countries and French barrows”, follows below under About this kind of monument.
DatingSources for this section
- en.wikipedia.orgCC BY-SA 4.0
Sources for this section
- en.wikipedia.orgCC BY-SA 4.0
The Atlas shows 3000 BCE to 1000 BCE for this site, but that is a regional estimate for this kind of monument, not a date for this particular megalithic mound. No excavation, radiocarbon sample or other measurement is recorded for it, so the real age could fall anywhere within the range, or outside it.
The range rests on this regional background (source: the Wikipedia article “Tumulus”): The oldest Dutch tumuli (grafheuvels) near Apeldoorn were built about 5,000 years ago and concentrations of Bronze Age tumuli lie on the Veluwe.
Landscape and neighbours
Counting outward from Four tumuli, there are 1 catalogued site within 1 km, 24 within 5 km and 43 within 10 km, and 43 of them are also classed as megalithic mound. In Ede, Kingdom of the Netherlands, 18 of the 18 catalogued sites are classed as megalithic mound.
The closest catalogued sites are Grafheuvel #47520 (0.2 km south, megalithic mound); Grafheuvel #47522 (1.7 km south-east, megalithic mound); Terrein waarin twee grafheuvels (2.0 km north-east, megalithic mound); Grafheuvel #47521 (2.3 km south-east, megalithic mound). The catalogue is assembled from open records and is not complete, so unrecorded monuments may lie closer.
Records and protectionSources for this section
Sources for this section
Wikidata lists the site with the heritage status Rijksmonument. The open records for it are Wikidata (Q17610510), where corrections and further identifiers can be added. Sites of this kind often lie on farmland or other private ground, so check local access rules before visiting and leave the monument as you found it.
How this page was madeSources for this section
Sources for this section
This page was built automatically from Wikidata (CC0), the heritage register named above and the regional article “Low Countries and French barrows”, written for the Atlas from the Wikipedia articles it cites (CC BY-SA 4.0), plus distances and counts computed from the catalogue coordinates. It contains no AI-written text.
Tradition and region
About this kind of monument
Low Countries and French barrows
Round barrows are found across the Low Countries and France. Many were raised in the Late Neolithic and the Bronze Age. The Bell Beaker phenomenon of the late third millennium BCE brought a new burial rite to western Europe: individual burials, often under a tumulus and with weapons, in contrast to the collective, weaponless burials of the earlier Neolithic. The Dutch hunebedden, the megalithic tombs of the north, belong to the earlier tradition and are described in their own article.
Round barrows are hemispherical mounds raised over a central burial, which may be an inhumation or a cremation placed in a vessel. Barrows were often reused: later graves were cut into the mound, sometimes long after the first burial, and many attract satellite burials. In France and Belgium, tumuli of the Hallstatt period belong to the early Iron Age, from about 800 BCE; from phase B of the Hallstatt sequence, tumulus burial becomes common and cremation predominates.
Dating relies on pottery and metalwork, and on radiocarbon dating where a mound has been dug. Many have been ploughed down, so the Atlas map reflects where mounds survived and were recorded as much as where they were built.
When visiting, look for the surrounding ditch or kerb, and for a later disturbance at the centre where a later grave or an old digging has cut the mound.
Paraphrased from Wikipedia: Tumulus, Wikipedia: Round barrow, Wikipedia: Bell Beaker culture, Wikipedia: Hallstatt culture, Wikipedia: Hunebed · CC BY-SA 4.0
See it in 3D
An interpretive reconstruction of the monument, standing on the real ground at its exact point, under the sun for that place and season. Drag to look around it.
The reconstruction is ours, not a survey: it shows what a monument of this type looks like, at the size the record gives for this one.
Photographs
3 photographs, each with its author and licence
More photographs
Lore
Evidence & Lore
What the sources actually support — and, kept apart, what has been claimed.
What the evidence supports
Dates
Est. 3000–1000 BCEHow this date was established: Type comparisonTypical range for megalithic mounds in Kingdom of the Netherlands; this site has not been dated itself. The oldest Dutch tumuli (grafheuvels) near Apeldoorn were built about 5,000 years ago and concentrations of Bronze Age tumuli lie on the Veluwe.Source for this date
Where it stands
Kingdom of the Netherlands
The pin marks the monument itself — its exact point.
- Coordinates
- 51°59′46″ N, 5°41′19″ EFor a GPS or map app: 51.99617, 5.68872
Access is as our sources describe it; we have not visited the site to check.
Nearby
The closest sites in the Atlas, by straight line.
Grafheuvel #475203000–1000 BCE
Grafheuvel #475223000–1000 BCE- Megalithic mound (tumulus with integral stones)Terrein waarin twee grafheuvels3000–1000 BCE
Grafheuvel #475213000–1000 BCE
Burial mounts at De Dorschkamp3000–1000 BCE- Megalithic mound (tumulus with integral stones)Twee grafheuvels3000–1000 BCE
Grafheuvel, alsmede een zone3000–1000 BCE- Megalithic mound (tumulus with integral stones)Terrein waarin vier grafheuvels3000–1000 BCE
Sources
Every record behind this page, with the link it came from.
2 sources behind this page
- 01Wikidata Q17610510wikidata.org
- 02Source for this dateen.wikipedia.org
Image files
Report a correctionWrong date, name, photograph or source? Tell us and it will be put right.
Around this place
The ten nearest sites, by compass
- Grafheuvel #475200.2 km S
- Grafheuvel #475221.7 km SE
- Terrein waarin twee grafheuvels2.0 km NE
- Grafheuvel #475212.3 km SE
- Burial mounts at De Dorschkamp2.6 km S
- Twee grafheuvels3.0 km E
- Grafheuvel, alsmede een zone3.2 km E
- Terrein waarin vier grafheuvels3.2 km E
- Terrain with tumulus #459563.3 km E
- 4 Grafheuvels3.3 km S
Credit
Text, licence and sources
This page is assembled from open records (Wikidata, CC0; OpenStreetMap, ODbL) and a tradition article paraphrasing Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0). No article exists for this site, and nothing here is written by a model.
- Wikidata Q17610510CC0
- en.wikipedia.orgCC BY-SA 4.0
- en.wikipedia.orgCC BY-SA 4.0
- en.wikipedia.orgCC BY-SA 4.0
- en.wikipedia.orgCC BY-SA 4.0
- en.wikipedia.orgCC BY-SA 4.0