Megalithic mound (tumulus with integral stones)
Motoinari Kofun
Also known asMoto-Inari Kofun
Datedc. 201–300 CE
Photo Saigen Jiro · CC0Source file on Wikimedia Commons
Overview
About this site
Overview
Motoinari Kofun (元稲荷古墳) is a burial mound of the Kofun period, located in the Kitayama, Muko-cho neighbourhood of Mukō, Kyoto, in the Kansai region of Japan. It is a zenpō-kohō-fun (前方後方墳), a mound shaped like two co-joined rectangles. It is estimated to have been built in the late 3rd century, during the early Kofun period.
The tumulus was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 2016 as a component of the Otokuni Kofun Cluster.
Read on Wikipedia2 min readCC BY-SA 4.0
Where it sits in time
The site's dated range, placed against world reference points.
The scale is logarithmic: each step to the left is about ten times older than the last.
Article
Motoinari Kofun
The mound is orientated to the south and stands at the southernmost tip of the Muko Hills, on the right bank of the Katsura River, on the southwestern edge of the Kyoto Basin.
DescriptionSources for this section
- Wikipedia (English): Moto-Inari KofunCC BY-SA 4.0
Sources for this section
- Wikipedia (English): Moto-Inari KofunCC BY-SA 4.0
The mound is orientated to the south and stands at the southernmost tip of the Muko Hills, on the right bank of the Katsura River, on the southwestern edge of the Kyoto Basin. It borders the grounds of Muko Shrine. It is built in three tiers at the rear and two tiers at the front, and fukiishi roofing stones can be seen on the outside of the mound.
The burial facility is a pit-type stone burial chamber built in the centre of the posterior portion of the tumulus. Its main axis runs north-south, parallel to the main axis of the mound. It measures 5.56 meters long, 1.32 meters wide at the north side and 1.02 meters wide at the south side, and 1.9 meters high at the southern end. The floor is clay, with a rectangular platform topped by a layer of clay (painted red) and stone slabs. The walls are made of stone slabs, and the upper half is corbeled, with 11 ceiling stones.
ExcavationsSources for this section
- Wikipedia (English): Moto-Inari KofunCC BY-SA 4.0
Sources for this section
- Wikipedia (English): Moto-Inari KofunCC BY-SA 4.0
Since 1960, a total of ten archaeological excavations have been carried out on the mound. The burial chamber has been looted, and the mound suffered large-scale grave robbery during the Edo period. Excavations nevertheless found remains of grave goods, including one bronze and seven iron arrowheads, three fragments of an iron sword and three fragments of spears, an iron ax and a shard of Haji ware pottery. A cluster of haniwa shards and jar-shaped pottery fragments was found in the centre of the anterior portion of the tumulus.
NameSources for this section
- Wikipedia (English): Moto-Inari KofunCC BY-SA 4.0
Sources for this section
- Wikipedia (English): Moto-Inari KofunCC BY-SA 4.0
The name Motoinari comes from the fact that an Inari shrine was once located on the top of the rear portion of the mound.
ContextSources for this section
- Wikipedia (English): Moto-Inari KofunCC BY-SA 4.0
Sources for this section
- Wikipedia (English): Moto-Inari KofunCC BY-SA 4.0
Motoinari Kofun is said to be of the same shape as the Nishimotomezuka Kofun (Kobe City, Hyogo Prefecture) among other kofun from the same period. Kofun are the great burial mounds of ancient Japan, built mainly between the middle of the third century and the early seventh century CE, and the period takes its name from them.
Tradition and region
About this kind of monument
Japanese kofun tumuli
Kofun are the great burial mounds of ancient Japan, built mainly between the middle of the third century and the early seventh century CE. The period takes its name from them. The most distinctive form is the keyhole-shaped mound (zempō-kōen-fun), with one square end and one round end seen from above, but there are also plain round mounds, double-rectangle mounds and square mounds. Orientation is not fixed: in the Mozu group at Sakai, some round parts face north and others east.
The largest is Daisenryō kofun at Sakai in Osaka, the biggest kofun in Japan, thought to have been built over some twenty years in the middle of the fifth century. By common acceptance it is the tomb of Emperor Nintoku, and the Imperial Household Agency treats it as such, but this cannot be confirmed because the mound has not been excavated. It stands in the Mozu group, which once had more than a hundred tombs of which fewer than half remain; the group and the neighbouring Furuichi cluster were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2019. The mounds were built on a plateau overlooking Osaka Bay, near the ancient coastline.
Dating rests on mound shape, pottery and grave goods. Haniwa, which means "clay circle", are terracotta cylinders and figures of houses, animals and people that were arranged in rings and rows around and on top of the mounds. Smaller kofun are very numerous and sit in groups in every region of Japan.
When visiting, look for the moat that surrounds the larger mounds, for the stepped outline of terraces, and for reconstructed haniwa in museums and parks beside the tombs.
Paraphrased from Wikipedia: Kofun, Wikipedia: Daisen Kofun, Wikipedia: Haniwa, Wikipedia: Mozu Tombs · CC BY-SA 4.0
See it in 3D
An interpretive reconstruction of the monument, standing on the real ground at its exact point, under the sun for that place and season. Drag to look around it.

The reconstruction is ours, not a survey: it shows what a monument of this type looks like, at the size the record gives for this one.
Photographs
6 photographs, each with its author and licence
More photographs
Lore
Evidence & Lore
What the sources actually support — and, kept apart, what has been claimed.
What the evidence supports
Dates
Est. 250–650 CEHow this date was established: Type comparisonTypical range for megalithic mounds in Japan; this site has not been dated itself. Japanese kofun burial mounds were mainly constructed between the middle of the 3rd century and the early 7th century AD.Source for this date
Where it stands
Japan
The pin marks the monument itself — its exact point.
- Coordinates
- 34°56′42″ N, 135°41′51″ EFor a GPS or map app: 34.94506, 135.69737
Access is as our sources describe it; we have not visited the site to check.
Nearby
The closest sites in the Atlas, by straight line.
Sources
Every record behind this page, with the link it came from.
3 sources behind this page
- 01Wikidata Q38279257wikidata.org
- 02Source for this dateen.wikipedia.org
- 03Wikipedia: Motoinari Kofunen.wikipedia.org
Image files
- Motoinari Kofun, kouhoubu-2.jpgSaigen JiroCC0
- Motoinari Kofun, tenjouseki.jpgSaigen JiroCC0
- Motoinari Kofun, zenpoubu.jpgSaigen JiroCC0
- Motoinari Kofun, kouhoubu-3.jpgSaigen JiroCC0
- MotoInariKofun nt 1.JPGMuscla3pinCC BY-SA 4.0
- MotoInariKofun nt 2.JPGMuscla3pinCC BY-SA 4.0
Report a correctionWrong date, name, photograph or source? Tell us and it will be put right.
Around this place
The ten nearest sites, by compass
Credit
Text, licence and sources
Adapted from the Wikipedia article "Moto-Inari Kofun" (English), licensed CC BY-SA 4.0; authors are listed in the page history. Reused under CC BY-SA 4.0. Read on Wikipedia · Edit history and authors
- Wikipedia (English): Moto-Inari KofunCC BY-SA 4.0
- Wikidata Q38279257CC0