Megalithic mound (tumulus with integral stones)Classical antiquity
Hakusansha
DatedEst. 250–650 CE
Photo Aua2008 · CC BY-SA 4.0Source file on Wikimedia Commons
Overview
About this site
Overview
Hakusansha is a Shinto shrine in Moriyama-ku, Nagoya, Aichi Prefecture, Japan, whose grounds lie wholly on the Moriyama Hakusan Kofun, a keyhole-shaped burial mound more than 95 m long. The catalogue dates the mound by typological estimate to 250 to 650 CE.
It is the largest of the kofun of the nearby Moriyama group.
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Where it sits in time
The site's dated range, placed against world reference points.
The scale is logarithmic: each step to the left is about ten times older than the last.
Article
Hakusansha
The shrine lies at the western end of the Moriyama plateau, which stretches from north-east to south-west in the north-east of Nagoya.
DescriptionSources for this section
- Wikipedia (Japanese): 白山社 (名古屋市守山区市場)CC BY-SA 4.0
Sources for this section
- Wikipedia (Japanese): 白山社 (名古屋市守山区市場)CC BY-SA 4.0
The shrine lies at the western end of the Moriyama plateau, which stretches from north-east to south-west in the north-east of Nagoya. The kofun is a large keyhole-shaped mound with a length of more than 95 m. The round part has a diameter of 54 m, and on its summit stand the main hall of the shrine and, to left and right, two subsidiary shrines, the Konpira and Akiba shrines. The surface of the mound shows a covering of river stones 15 to 20 cm in size.
Research historySources for this section
- Wikipedia (Japanese): 白山社 (名古屋市守山区市場)CC BY-SA 4.0
Sources for this section
- Wikipedia (Japanese): 白山社 (名古屋市守山区市場)CC BY-SA 4.0
Three investigations are recorded. The first was in 1967, when the Social Education Section of the Aichi Prefectural Board of Education, under a commission from the Cultural Properties Protection Commission, patrolled important sites in Moriyama ward and surveyed seven mounds including Hakusan. In 1996 the Aichi Prefectural History Compilation Office surveyed the mound for the compilation of the prefectural history. In 1999 the Nagoya City Board of Education carried out an excavation, which yielded only a few small fragments of haniwa (clay figures). The finds are kept at the Nagoya City Museum and the Nagoya City Miharashidai Archaeological Museum.
InterpretationSources for this section
- Wikipedia (Japanese): 白山社 (名古屋市守山区市場)CC BY-SA 4.0
Sources for this section
- Wikipedia (Japanese): 白山社 (名古屋市守山区市場)CC BY-SA 4.0
The Shidami group of kofun has drawn attention as a kofun culture of the 4th century, and the building of kofun is said to have spread later in a band along the Shonai river valley. The Moriyama Hakusan Kofun is considered a key to understanding this, because its appearance indicates that a power able to build large keyhole-shaped mounds had emerged in the lower Shonai valley and was unifying society there. Who was buried in the mound is not known. Because the deity enshrined on the mound is a goddess, one theory proposes that the person buried was a woman.
HistorySources for this section
- Wikipedia (Japanese): 白山社 (名古屋市守山区市場)CC BY-SA 4.0
Sources for this section
- Wikipedia (Japanese): 白山社 (名古屋市守山区市場)CC BY-SA 4.0
According to the shrine record (Yuishoki), the shrine was founded in the Yōrō era (717 to 724). According to the Zenkoku Jinja Meikan, it was established by invoking the deity of the Shirayama Hime shrine in Kaga Province, and it is regarded as the tutelary shrine of the six neighbouring villages. The principal deity is Kukurihime-no-mikoto. In 1912 several neighbouring shrines were merged into it. The shrine was destroyed by fire in 1970 and rebuilt the following year.
FolkloreSources for this section
- Wikipedia (Japanese): 白山社 (名古屋市守山区市場)CC BY-SA 4.0
Sources for this section
- Wikipedia (Japanese): 白山社 (名古屋市守山区市場)CC BY-SA 4.0
According to tradition, the deity enshrined here dislikes white things, so the torii gate is painted vermilion and the households of the parishioners kept neither white horses nor white fowl.
ContextSources for this section
- Wikipedia (Japanese): 白山社 (名古屋市守山区市場)CC BY-SA 4.0
Sources for this section
- Wikipedia (Japanese): 白山社 (名古屋市守山区市場)CC BY-SA 4.0
Kofun are the great burial mounds of ancient Japan, built mainly between the middle of the third century and the early seventh century CE. The most distinctive form is the keyhole-shaped mound, with one square end and one round end seen from above.
Tradition and region
About this kind of monument
Japanese kofun tumuli
Kofun are the great burial mounds of ancient Japan, built mainly between the middle of the third century and the early seventh century CE. The period takes its name from them. The most distinctive form is the keyhole-shaped mound (zempō-kōen-fun), with one square end and one round end seen from above, but there are also plain round mounds, double-rectangle mounds and square mounds. Orientation is not fixed: in the Mozu group at Sakai, some round parts face north and others east.
The largest is Daisenryō kofun at Sakai in Osaka, the biggest kofun in Japan, thought to have been built over some twenty years in the middle of the fifth century. By common acceptance it is the tomb of Emperor Nintoku, and the Imperial Household Agency treats it as such, but this cannot be confirmed because the mound has not been excavated. It stands in the Mozu group, which once had more than a hundred tombs of which fewer than half remain; the group and the neighbouring Furuichi cluster were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2019. The mounds were built on a plateau overlooking Osaka Bay, near the ancient coastline.
Dating rests on mound shape, pottery and grave goods. Haniwa, which means "clay circle", are terracotta cylinders and figures of houses, animals and people that were arranged in rings and rows around and on top of the mounds. Smaller kofun are very numerous and sit in groups in every region of Japan.
When visiting, look for the moat that surrounds the larger mounds, for the stepped outline of terraces, and for reconstructed haniwa in museums and parks beside the tombs.
Paraphrased from Wikipedia: Kofun, Wikipedia: Daisen Kofun, Wikipedia: Haniwa, Wikipedia: Mozu Tombs · CC BY-SA 4.0
See it in 3D
An interpretive reconstruction of the monument, standing on the real ground at its exact point, under the sun for that place and season. Drag to look around it.

The reconstruction is ours, not a survey: it shows what a monument of this type looks like, at the size the record gives for this one.
Photographs
4 photographs, each with its author and licence
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Lore
Evidence & Lore
What the sources actually support — and, kept apart, what has been claimed.
What the evidence supports
Dates
Est. 250–650 CEHow this date was established: Type comparisonTypical range for megalithic mounds in Japan; this site has not been dated itself. Japanese kofun burial mounds were mainly constructed between the middle of the 3rd century and the early 7th century AD.Source for this date
Where it stands
Japan
The pin marks the monument itself — its exact point.
- Coordinates
- 35°11′49″ N, 136°57′06″ EFor a GPS or map app: 35.19706, 136.95158
Access is as our sources describe it; we have not visited the site to check.
Nearby
The closest sites in the Atlas, by straight line.
Obata Nagatsuka Kofun250–650 CE- Megalithic mound (tumulus with integral stones)Hakusanyabu Kofun250–650 CE
- Megalithic mound (tumulus with integral stones)Obata Chausuyama Kofun250–650 CE
Ajiyoshi Futagoyama Kofun4000–1200 BCE- Megalithic mound (tumulus with integral stones)味美白山神社古墳250–650 CE
御旅所古墳250–650 CE- Megalithic mound (tumulus with integral stones)味美春日山古墳250–650 CE
- Megalithic mound (tumulus with integral stones)白山古墳 (名古屋市)250–650 CE
Sources
Every record behind this page, with the link it came from.
2 sources behind this page
- 01Wikidata Q54868100wikidata.org
- 02Source for this dateen.wikipedia.org
Image files
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Around this place
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Credit
Text, licence and sources
Adapted from the Wikipedia article "白山社 (名古屋市守山区市場)" (Japanese), licensed CC BY-SA 4.0; authors are listed in the page history. Reused under CC BY-SA 4.0. Read on Wikipedia · Edit history and authors
- Wikipedia (Japanese): 白山社 (名古屋市守山区市場)CC BY-SA 4.0
- Wikidata Q54868100CC0