Devil's Quoits
Also known asDevils Quoits · The Devil's Quoits
Datedc. 2974–1570 BCE*
Photo Bwwjohnson · CC BY-SA 4.0Source file on Wikimedia Commons
Overview
About this site
Overview
The Devil's Quoits (grid reference SP411048) is a henge and stone circle to the south of the village of Stanton Harcourt in Oxfordshire, England. It is a scheduled monument and was restored between 2002 and 2008, with new stones added and the surrounding earthworks rebuilt.
The henge is a major class II circle henge of Late Neolithic date. The catalogue records a radiocarbon date range of 1855 to 1570 BCE.
Read on Wikipedia3 min readCC BY-SA 4.0
Age sources
Sources disagree on the age of this site
Sources do not agree on how old this site is. Each claim is listed with where it comes from; the mainstream reading is marked.
Range across all claimsc. 2974–1570 BCE*
MeasuredWhat this badge means
A physical measurement of this site: a radiocarbon date, a tree-ring count, a luminescence date, or a record that can itself be dated.
- 1855–1570 BCERadiocarbon dating3 radiocarbon dates in the p3k14c database (Bird et al. 2022, Scientific Data 9:27 (p3k14c radiocarbon database)) between 3590 and 4010 BP; the range shown is tSource: p3k14c.org
- 2974 BCEWikipedia: Devil's QuoitsSource: en.wikipedia.org
Where it sits in time
The site's dated range, placed against world reference points.
The scale is logarithmic: each step to the left is about ten times older than the last.
Article
Devil's Quoits
Within the henge was a stone circle and a central stone setting, which may have been put up after the henge had been in use for some time, in the Early Bronze Age.
DescriptionSources for this section
- Wikipedia (English): Devil's QuoitsCC BY-SA 4.0
Sources for this section
- Wikipedia (English): Devil's QuoitsCC BY-SA 4.0
The henge ditch enclosed a circular area up to 120 metres (390 ft) across, with opposed entrances facing almost due east and west. The northern half of the henge appears to have had a second enclosing ditch circuit.
Within the henge was a stone circle and a central stone setting, which may have been put up after the henge had been in use for some time, in the Early Bronze Age. The stone circle had a slightly ovoid plan, with a maximum diameter of 79 metres (259 ft), and followed the same axis as the henge. It originally featured 36 stones, most of which were removed by the end of the Medieval period. The henge is at the centre of a complex of later prehistoric monuments including ring ditches and other possible mortuary enclosures.
ExcavationsSources for this section
- Wikipedia (English): Devil's QuoitsCC BY-SA 4.0
Sources for this section
- Wikipedia (English): Devil's QuoitsCC BY-SA 4.0
The henge survived as a slight earthwork until World War II, when it was levelled in advance of runway construction. Only one stone was standing in situ in 1940, and two others had been re-erected nearby. The site was seriously damaged by the construction of an airfield in 1940, which involved concrete runways and the levelling of a large area, and has been further damaged by gravel extraction since then.
Excavations carried out in advance of gravel extraction in 1972, 1973 and 1988 located a complete plan of the monument. Excavation of the ditch terminals indicated repeated use and deposition, with finds including hearths and animal and human bones.
ConservationSources for this section
- Wikipedia (English): Devil's QuoitsCC BY-SA 4.0
Sources for this section
- Wikipedia (English): Devil's QuoitsCC BY-SA 4.0
Between 2002 and 2008 the original stones A, B and C were re-erected along with other conglomerate stones found at the site. Several of the standing stones had been unearthed during the archaeological excavations, where they had been buried in the ditch or within stoneholes, and others had been encountered during topsoil stripping or quarrying. They were re-erected in what may have been their original positions, taking into account that the largest uprights appear to have been near the two entrances. Twenty spaces remained, which were filled with modern conglomerate blocks sourced from a nearby quarry at Ducklington. Twenty new replacement stones were placed in the original holes, for a total of 28 stones.
The earthworks were restored to the approximate condition they had at the beginning of Roman times, when the ditch began to be filled with ploughsoil and the bank was eroding. This was to ensure the preservation of the remaining Neolithic and Bronze Age deposits in the ditch. Soil had to be imported onto the site to re-form the bank, which was built up to 2 metres (6.6 ft) high, only around half its original height.
NameSources for this section
- Wikipedia (English): Devil's QuoitsCC BY-SA 4.0
Sources for this section
- Wikipedia (English): Devil's QuoitsCC BY-SA 4.0
The name is associated with a legend that the Devil once played quoits with a beggar for his soul and won by flinging the great stones. Tradition has it that the Devil and his opponent were sitting on the top of Wytham Hill, several miles away, when they played their game, presumably on or near the site of the Swinford Farm trig point, which provides a commanding view across the Thames Valley.
ContextSources for this section
- Wikipedia (English): Devil's QuoitsCC BY-SA 4.0
Sources for this section
- Wikipedia (English): Devil's QuoitsCC BY-SA 4.0
A henge is a Neolithic earthwork, typically a roughly circular or oval bank with an internal ditch around a central flat area more than 20 metres across. Because the ditch lies inside the bank, henges cannot have been built for defence. There is typically little evidence of occupation inside a henge, though henges may contain ritual structures such as stone circles or timber settings.
Tradition and region
About this kind of monument
Henges with stone settings
A henge is a Neolithic earthwork, typically a roughly circular or oval bank with an internal ditch around a central flat area more than 20 metres across. The ditch lies inside the bank, so henges cannot have been built for defence. There is typically little evidence of occupation inside a henge, though they may contain ritual structures such as stone circles or timber settings. The word is taken from Stonehenge, which is not a true henge, because its ditch lies outside its bank.
Many British henges have stone settings. Avebury in Wiltshire is a henge containing three stone circles, built over several hundred years in the third millennium BCE. In Orkney the Standing Stones of Stenness, sited on a promontory between two lochs, may be the oldest henge site in the British Isles, and the Ring of Brodgar, a henge and stone circle, stands on a narrow isthmus between the same lochs; both are part of the Heart of Neolithic Orkney World Heritage Site. In Derbyshire, Arbor Low is a henge with an egg-shaped circle of about 50 limestone blocks, one partly upright and the rest lying flat. In Cumbria, Mayburgh Henge is a large bank on a knoll close to a second henge, King Arthur's Round Table. In Yorkshire the Thornborough Henges are three aligned henges on a plateau above the River Ure, dated between 3500 and 2500 BCE and called the Stonehenge of the North. At Durrington Walls, 3.2 kilometres north-east of Stonehenge, a large Neolithic settlement preceded the henge.
Stone settings inside a henge can be earlier or later than the bank, so a henge and its stones are dated separately.
When visiting, walk the bank to get the sense of the circle, and see how the entrance gaps line up with the landscape.
Paraphrased from Wikipedia: Henge, Wikipedia: Stonehenge, Wikipedia: Avebury, Wikipedia: Thornborough Henges, Wikipedia: Standing Stones of Stenness, Wikipedia: Ring of Brodgar · CC BY-SA 4.0
From the article
Dated moments in the story
- 1940
There was only one stone standing in situ in 1940, while two others had been re-erected nearby.
Source - 1940
The site was seriously damaged by the construction of an airfield in 1940 which involved the construction of concrete runways and the levelling of a large area.
Source - 1972
Excavations carried out in advance of gravel extraction in 1972, 1973 and 1988 located a complete plan of the Devil's Quoits.
Source - 2002
The Quoits were restored between 2002 and 2008, with new stones added, and the surrounding earthworks rebuilt.
Source - 2002
The Devil's Quoits were restored between 2002 and 2008, with the original quoits A, B, and C re-erected along with other conglomerate stones found at the site.
Source
Photographs
7 photographs, each with its author and licence
More photographs
Lore
Evidence & Lore
What the sources actually support — and, kept apart, what has been claimed.
What the evidence supports
Dates
1855–1570 BCEHow this date was established: Radiocarbon dating3 radiocarbon dates in the p3k14c database (Bird et al. 2022, Scientific Data 9:27 (p3k14c radiocarbon database)) between 3590 and 4010 BP; the range shown is the middle half of the measurements; uncalibrated ages, shown as calendar years with the conventional BP + 1950 conversion.Source for this date
Where it stands
United Kingdom
The pin marks the monument itself — its exact point.
- Coordinates
- 51°44′24″ N, 1°24′21″ WFor a GPS or map app: 51.73990, -1.40587
Access is as our sources describe it; we have not visited the site to check.
Nearby
The closest sites in the Atlas, by straight line.
- Megalithic mound (tumulus with integral stones)Round barrow cemetery 290m east of Old Shifford Farm4000–800 BCE
- Megalithic mound (tumulus with integral stones)Bronze Age Bowl Barrow4000–800 BCE
- Megalithic mound (tumulus with integral stones)Pair of bowl barrows immediately south of Blindwell Wood4000–800 BCE
- Megalithic mound (tumulus with integral stones)Brize's Lodge bowl barrow, 400m east of Gospel Oak4000–800 BCE
- Megalithic mound (tumulus with integral stones)Bowl barrow 350m south west of Furze Platt Farm in Blenheim Great Park4000–800 BCE
- Megalithic mound (tumulus with integral stones)Pair of bowl barrows at Hawksnest Copse in Wychwood Forest4000–800 BCE
- Megalithic mound (tumulus with integral stones)Bowl barrow 200m west of Hawksnest Copse in Wychwood Forest4000–800 BCE
- Megalithic mound (tumulus with integral stones)Pair of Bronze Age bowl barrows situated on Maple Hill in Wychwood Forest4000–800 BCE
Sources
Every record behind this page, with the link it came from.
3 sources behind this page
- 01Wikidata Q5267216wikidata.org
- 02Source for this datep3k14c.org
- 03Wikipedia: Devil's Quoitsen.wikipedia.org
Image files
- Devils quoits aerial.jpgBwwjohnsonCC BY-SA 4.0
- Geograph 4785926 Devil's Quoits.jpgVieve ForwardCC BY-SA 2.0
- The Devil's Quoits henge monument, Stanton Harcourt - geograph.org.uk - 4785926.jpgVieve ForwardCC BY-SA 2.0
- Frosty morning at the Devil's Quoits - geograph.org.uk - 5554302.jpgChris BrownCC BY-SA 2.0
- The Devil's Quoits - geograph.org.uk - 5622251.jpgChris BrownCC BY-SA 2.0
- The Devil's Quoits - geograph.org.uk - 5622257.jpgChris BrownCC BY-SA 2.0
- The Devils Quoits ditch and its inhabitants (geograph 5554280).jpgChris BrownCC BY-SA 2.0
Report a correctionWrong date, name, photograph or source? Tell us and it will be put right.
Lore, kept apart
Legends and claims
These are stories and claims reported by the sources. They are not evidence, and they never stand in for the dating above.
- Tradition
The name "Devil's Quoits" is associated with a legend that states that the Devil once played quoits with a beggar for his soul and won by flinging the great stones.
The name "Devil's Quoits" is associated with a legend that states that the Devil once played quoits with a beggar for his soul and won by flinging the great stones. Tradition has it that the Devil and his opponent were sitting on the top of Wytham Hill, several miles away, when they played their game – presumably on or near the site of the Swinford Farm trig point which provides a commanding view across the Thames Valley.
Source
Around this place
The ten nearest sites, by compass
- Round barrow cemetery 290m east of Old Shifford Farm4.3 km SW
- Bronze Age Bowl Barrow13 km W
- Pair of bowl barrows immediately south of Blindwell Wood13 km NW
- Brize's Lodge bowl barrow, 400m east of Gospel Oak13 km NW
- Bowl barrow 350m south west of Furze Platt Farm in Blenheim Great Park13 km N
- Pair of bowl barrows at Hawksnest Copse in Wychwood Forest14 km NW
- Bowl barrow 200m west of Hawksnest Copse in Wychwood Forest14 km NW
- Pair of Bronze Age bowl barrows situated on Maple Hill in Wychwood Forest14 km NW
- Pair of Bronze Age round barrows and surrounding Civil War fieldworks 180m north-west of Park Farm14 km N
- Pair of Bronze Age bowl barrows 150m north of Roustage Wood14 km NW
Credit
Text, licence and sources
Adapted from the Wikipedia article "Devil's Quoits" (English), licensed CC BY-SA 4.0; authors are listed in the page history. Reused under CC BY-SA 4.0. Read on Wikipedia · Edit history and authors
- Wikipedia (English): Devil's QuoitsCC BY-SA 4.0
- Wikidata Q5267216CC0