Overview
About this site
Overview
The Sandun dolmen (also called the dolmen de la Croix de Sandun) is a passage grave of the allée couverte type at Guérande, in Loire-Atlantique, France. It stands on a slight rise overlooking the western edge of the Brière, and its date is estimated typologically at 4000 to 3000 BCE.
The monument is ruined. Excavation in 1896 recovered two hearths, pottery and nearly 80 stone tools, and showed that the paved floor continued outside the chamber as a paved passage that joined the nearby Crugo passage grave.
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Where it sits in time
The site's dated range, placed against world reference points.
The scale is logarithmic: each step to the left is about ten times older than the last.
Article
Sandun dolmen
Before the excavation it appeared as a rectangle 7,50 m long and 1,50 m wide, from which 7 standing stones emerged, the tallest 1 m high.
DescriptionSources for this section
- Wikipedia (French): Dolmen de SandunCC BY-SA 4.0
Sources for this section
- Wikipedia (French): Dolmen de SandunCC BY-SA 4.0
The monument was already partly damaged when Henri Quilgars excavated it in 1896. Before the excavation it appeared as a rectangle 7,50 m long and 1,50 m wide, from which 7 standing stones emerged, the tallest 1 m high. The excavation identified the remains of an allée couverte whose capstones had long since disappeared. An eighth orthostat was uncovered during the work.
The orthostats enclosed a burial space whose floor was paved with small flat stones. This paving continued outside the passage towards the north, forming a paved passage that is now destroyed. Later excavations showed that it joined the allée couverte of Crugo, which lies close by.
FindsSources for this section
- Wikipedia (French): Dolmen de SandunCC BY-SA 4.0
Sources for this section
- Wikipedia (French): Dolmen de SandunCC BY-SA 4.0
Two large hearths containing much ash and charcoal were identified in the eastern part of the chamber. Two whole vases of fairly coarse, undecorated type, one of black clay and one of red clay, were found there, together with thousands of pottery fragments. The presence of hearths and pottery together suggests that the monument was a cremation tomb.
Nearly 80 stone tools and objects completed the assemblage: 2 celts (one of diorite, one of honey-coloured flint), 2 quartzite hammerstones, 3 arrowheads, 15 knives and 10 scrapers of flint, 6 flint saws, 1 quartzite hammer, 1 piercing tool and various flakes.
InterpretationSources for this section
- Wikipedia (French): Dolmen de SandunCC BY-SA 4.0
Sources for this section
- Wikipedia (French): Dolmen de SandunCC BY-SA 4.0
According to Henri Quilgars, the tools were spread through two different layers of earth: a yellow layer containing small, well-worked tools lay over a black layer containing coarser ones. He considered this to correspond to two distinct periods of use of the monument during the Neolithic.
ConservationSources for this section
- Wikipedia (French): Dolmen de SandunCC BY-SA 4.0
Sources for this section
- Wikipedia (French): Dolmen de SandunCC BY-SA 4.0
The monument has been classed as a historical monument since 1935. A rescue excavation carried out nearby in 1987 uncovered the remains of a Neolithic village.
Tradition and region
About this kind of monument
French dolmens
France is the dolmen country of Europe: the Dolmen de Bagneux at Saumur is the largest of some 4,500 dolmens scattered across 60 French departments, and one of the largest in Europe. A dolmen is a single-chamber megalithic tomb with two or more upright stones carrying a great capstone. Most date to the Late Neolithic, about 4000 to 3000 BCE, and many were covered with earth or smaller stones to form a mound.
Some of the oldest megalithic monuments in Europe are in western France. The Cairn of Barnenez in Finistère dates to the early Neolithic, around 4000 BCE, and with the Tumulus of Bougon and the Locmariaquer megaliths it is among the earliest megalithic monuments in Europe; it also has megalithic art. La Roche-aux-Fées near Essé in Ille-et-Vilaine is a covered corridor about 20 metres long, built of some 48 blocks, the heaviest around 45 tonnes, and divided into two chambers. It is thought to date from 3000 to 2500 BCE, and its entrance is aligned on sunrise at the winter solstice.
Folklore: the name of La Roche-aux-Fées, "the fairies' rock", comes from a legend that fairies placed the stones. Such stories are traditions about the monuments, not evidence of how they were built.
Because the Atlas draws on national inventories, its French records include many small and ruined dolmens, often reduced to a capstone resting on a few supports. Dates rest on the typology of the monument and, where a dolmen has been excavated, on radiocarbon dating of material from the chamber.
When visiting, look for the capstone and its supports, for the low rise of the old mound around the stones, and for the direction in which the entrance faces.
Paraphrased from Wikipedia: Dolmen, Wikipedia: Dolmen de Bagneux, Wikipedia: La Roche-aux-Fées, Wikipedia: Barnenez, Wikipedia: Carnac stones · CC BY-SA 4.0
From the article
Dated moments in the story
- 1896
L'édifice, désormais ruiné, était déjà en partie endommagé lors des fouilles menées en 1896 par Henri Quilgars.
Source - 1897
Henri Quilgars, « Fouilles du dolmen de Sandun », Bulletin de la Société archéologique de Nantes, no 37, 1897, p.
Source - 1935
L'édifice est classé comme monument historique depuis 1935.
Source - 1963
49-57 (lire en ligne) « Dictionnaire préhistorique de la Loire-Atlantique », Feuillets mensuels de la Section Nantaise de Préhistoire, no 70, décembre 1963, p.
Source - 1987
À proximité du site, une fouille de sauvetage réalisée en 1987 a mis au jour les vestiges d'un village néolithique.
Source - 1990
1 (lire en ligne) Jean-François Polo et Élizabeth Santacreu, 100 menhirs & Dolmens en Presqu'île Guérandaise & en Brière, Guérande, Presquîle Éditions, 1990, 63 p.
Source
See it in 3D
An interpretive reconstruction of the monument, standing on the real ground at its exact point, under the sun for that place and season. Drag to look around it.

The reconstruction is ours, not a survey: it shows what a monument of this type looks like, at the size the record gives for this one.
Photographs
1 photograph, each with its author and licence
Lore
Evidence & Lore
What the sources actually support — and, kept apart, what has been claimed.
What the evidence supports
Dates
Est. 4000–3000 BCEHow this date was established: Type comparisonTypical range for dolmens in France; this site has not been dated itself. Most dolmens date from the Late Neolithic period (4000-3000 BCE).Source for this date
Where it stands
France
The pin marks the monument itself — its exact point.
- Coordinates
- 47°20′59″ N, 2°20′33″ WFor a GPS or map app: 47.34968, -2.34260
Access is as our sources describe it; we have not visited the site to check.
Nearby
The closest sites in the Atlas, by straight line.
- Stone row (alignment)alignement de Brétineau3300–2500 BCE
- Menhir (standing stone)menhir de la Grée2800–1800 BCE
- Dolmendolmen de Connerie4000–3000 BCE
- Gallery grave (allée couverte)Allée couverte du Crugo4500–3300 BCE
- Megalithrochers du Rohain4500–3300 BCE
second Kerbourg dolmen4000–3000 BCE
Kerbourg dolmens4000–3000 BCE
first Kerbourg dolmen4000–3000 BCE
Sources
Every record behind this page, with the link it came from.
2 sources behind this page
- 01Wikidata Q3034039wikidata.org
- 02Source for this dateen.wikipedia.org
Image files
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Around this place
The ten nearest sites, by compass
Credit
Text, licence and sources
Adapted from the Wikipedia article "Dolmen de Sandun" (French), licensed CC BY-SA 4.0; authors are listed in the page history. Reused under CC BY-SA 4.0. Read on Wikipedia · Edit history and authors
- Wikipedia (French): Dolmen de SandunCC BY-SA 4.0
- Wikidata Q3034039CC0